Cyberthreats also continue to drive states apart, with governments following increasingly unilateral paths to control risks. As attacks become more severe and broadly impactful, already-sharp tensions between governments impacted by cybercrime and governments complicit in their commission will rise as cybersecurity becomes another wedge for divergence, rather than cooperation, among nation states.

Digital security divides: Consequences for people Among the most vulnerable are those who are only now coming online or will soon do so. Importantly, these features are just a tiny part of the larger privacy equation. Websites are still littered with tracking pixels and third-party scripts that remain powerful ways to fingerprint online behaviours. The necessary oversight could lead to overreach as governments move to shut down systems, erect higher digital barriers or embark on digital colonization by monopolizing digital systems for geopolitical ends.

Already suffering from a loss in public trust as a result of the COVID crisis, governments may face further societal anger if they are unable to both keep up with the shifting threat landscape and responsibly manage these challenges. Pay, secure or perish: Consequences for businesses As cyber threats continue to grow, insuring against such risks will become increasingly precarious, with insurers themselves facing retaliatory attacks for attempting to curb ransomware payments.

As previous incursions like SolarWinds have demonstrated, exposure to vendors and supply chain partners must also be assessed and managed. The impact of disruptive cyberattacks could be financially devastating for businesses that fail to invest in protections for their digital infrastructure, particularly in a scenario in which governments begin prohibiting ransom payments or penalizing poor cybersecurity practices.

Companies could begin or continue to lock up key data as a result of cybersecurity issues. Workforce efficiency, too, could suffer if accessing data and information is less seamless. Towards greater cyber resilience As our reliance on digital technologies grows and Internet 3.

While multistakeholder international dialogues can help strengthen links between actors operating in the digital security realm, cooperation between organizations could unlock best practices that can be replicated across industries and economies. Initiatives should focus on emerging technologies, such as blockchain, quantum and artificial intelligence, as well as the modes of digital exchange they facilitate, like the metaverse.

Leaders must remain attentive to perennial concerns like cybercrime and ransomware attacks as well. At the organizational level, upskilling leaders on cybersecurity issues and elevating emerging cyber risks to board-level conversations will strengthen cyber-resilience. In a deeply connected society, digital trust is the currency that facilitates future innovation and prosperity. Trustworthy technologies, in turn, represent the foundation on which the scaffolding of a fair and cohesive society is built.

Unless we act to improve digital trust with intentional and persistent trust-building initiatives, the digital world will continue to drift towards fragmentation and the promise of one of the most dynamic eras of human progress may be lost. The Global Risks Report Insight Report. Chapter 2. Geneva: World Economic Forum. January Hostile nations like Russia, Iran, North Korea and the PRC, and cybercriminals around the world, continue to get more sophisticated and create more adverse consequences.

These cyber operations threaten the economic and national security of everyone in this room. In February, Russia conducted a cyber-attack against commercial satellite communications, impacting families and businesses across Europe. Iranian cyber-attacks recently caused severe harm to government networks in Albania, limiting access to essential services. In the last two years alone, North Korea has largely funded its weapons of mass destruction programs through cyber heists of cryptocurrencies and hard currencies totaling more than 1 billion dollars.

They have perpetrated these cyber heists against entities within countries present today, and they have done so with near impunity. It will not surprise anyone that PRC-backed hackers are among the most active groups targeting governments and critical infrastructure this year — including across Southeast Asia. They are the most active group targeting businesses around the globe.

Just one PRC hacking group known as APT41 has stolen intellectual property from at least 30 multinational companies in the pharmaceutical, energy, and manufacturing sectors, resulting in hundreds of billions of dollars of lost revenue.

The PRC is using its technology to tilt the global playing field to its benefit. As part of its massive Belt and Road Initiative, the PRC unveiled its Digital Silk Road project, capitalizing on the worldwide demand for internet communications technology. Accepting assistance from the PRC can come with unintended consequences. We have seen this play out beyond the technology realm when countries strike infrastructure deals that are too good to be true with PRC-backed companies.

Countries incur large amounts of risk and debt under these deals, and like all loan agreements, when a borrower defaults, the lender can call on the debt. Nations must consider what leverage they are giving up and whether they are mortgaging their futures when they reach agreements for critical infrastructure with the PRC. Beijing often requires large PRC-based companies to share and store data from their networks in-country and to provide that data to the government when requested by authorities.

It is our belief that our essential telecommunications networks should not be owned or operated by companies who will either sell or provide your information to a foreign government. If the deal looks too good to be true, it probably is.

The cut-rate price at which the technology was purchased may not be the final bill to arrive. We also must be vigilant with regard to the rules and standards that govern our ongoing efforts to keep the internet and our infrastructure secure. This year, a review conducted by our Cyber Safety Review Board, a group made up of leading cyber experts in the public and private sectors, noted that Beijing has established rules that could require security vulnerabilities to be reported to the government before they are fixed.

This would afford PRC government hackers the potential to use weaknesses in technology products to steal intellectual property and conduct military operations. The United States is steadfast in our commitment to a free and open internet, one that is built on rule-based international order.

An order with input and buy-in from all stakeholders, ensuring that data is protected and not exploited, vulnerabilities are identified and addressed, and standards are streamlined, transparent, and consistent no matter what country you live in. Partnership is essential to the cybersecurity challenges facing the world today. The U. Critical infrastructure like communications, energy, and agriculture span borders, and efforts to protect our cybersecurity increasingly demand a multifaceted approach with international partners.

We have expanded our engagement on cyber and technology issues with key partners around the world to ensure we can address the cybersecurity risks of today and tomorrow, including through our attaches in over 60 posts globally. We share timely information on cyber incidents, threats, and mitigation measures through our Computer Emergency Readiness Team. We exchange technical expertise on cloud security, cyber insurance, maritime cybersecurity, and aviation cybersecurity, to name just a few. We conduct joint cybersecurity tabletop exercises that inform our preparedness and cyber operations.

And we work together to securely deploy 5G technology and secure our supply chain. A year ago last week we brought together 30 nations, including many in this room, for an International Counter Ransomware Initiative Summit intended to accelerate cooperation against this growing threat. At the end of this month, we will meet in person for the first time to review our outcomes and chart our path forward together.

We are deepening international research and development partnerships to stay ahead of emerging cyber threats, including with South Korea, Israel, the United Kingdom, and others. We are partnering with 47 Indo-Pacific nations and territories to help secure ports through our Global Maritime Transportation System Cybersecurity Initiative. Through our law enforcement personnel embedded in overseas cyber-crimes units, we have trained hundreds of local law enforcement officials on cyber investigations, and together, we are bringing thousands of criminals to justice.

Only through collaboration with the private sector can we fully address our cyber challenges. Voluntary efforts have been very productive. We see the impact: faster mitigation of vulnerabilities known to be used by Russian cyber actors, expanded information sharing on cyber threats, and investments in critical security measures like multi-factor authentication that can no longer be considered optional.

We just marked the one-year anniversary of the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative — or the JCDC — where operational cybersecurity experts from government join those in the private sector to build and implement plans to address cyber risks. We recently expanded the JCDC to include major energy and financial sector firms and will continue to broaden our efforts to address evolving risks.

The Log4j software vulnerability was first assessed by a group of U. It is important to note that the Cyber Safety Review Board is not about accountability or enforcement— it is forward-looking and focused on identifying ways that our communities can strengthen their cybersecurity. In consultation with industry, we will soon issue cybersecurity performance goals that constitute the highest-priority baseline measures critical infrastructure owners can take to protect themselves.

We call on partners around the world to work with us to consider these security measures as worthy minimum-security baselines within your own countries and industries. In some areas, voluntary standards are, candidly, insufficient and mandatory standards will be essential to protect critical infrastructure.

In the wake of the Colonial Pipeline attack, we worked in consultation with the private sector to publish rules requiring certain cybersecurity measures to be taken in the pipeline industry, then also applied them to the aviation and rail sectors. We rely on voluntary approaches wherever we can, but sometimes targeted regulation is required to protect our populations and the critical services on which they rely.

When we do regulate, however, part of doing it smartly is to avoid overly burdensome and duplicative requirements. We are also focused on streamlining incident reporting requirements. We must simultaneously look for opportunities to harmonize regulations domestically and with international partners.

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